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The Firm and Market Structures

  Market structures refer to the organizational and competitive characteristics that shape how markets operate, influencing factors like pricing, competition, and entry barriers. Four primary firm market structures exist perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly. These structures differ in terms of the number of firms, product differentiation, barriers to entry, and control over pricing. 1. Perfect Competition: Perfect competition is an ideal market structure where numerous small firms sell identical products, having no control over prices. Entry and exit are calm, and firms are price takers, meaning they accept the market price. Examples include agricultural markets where products are homogeneous, such as wheat or corn. 2. Monopoly: A monopoly occurs when a single firm dominates the market, controlling the supply of a unique product with no close substitutes. Due to the absence of race, a monopoly has significant control over price. Monopolies...

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

 


Scheduling in Wireless Cooperative Localization Networks with Intelligent Eavesdroppers

Journal profile

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing offers the R&D businesses strolling in academia and the telecommunications and networking industries with a discussion board for sharing studies and mind on this fast moving place.

Editor highlight

Chief Editor Dr Cai is an Associate Professor within the Department of Computer Science at Georgia State University, USA and an Associate Director at INSPIRE Center.

Special Issues

Radio Frequency Fingerprinting Identification of Few-Shot Wireless Signals Based on Deep Metric Learning

As a circulate-protocol endogenous protection mechanism, the physical layer-primarily based radio frequency (RF) fingerprinting can successfully enhance the existing password-primarily based definitely genuinely utility layer authentication utilising the hardware versions of wi-fi gadgets, it sincerely is particular and can not be counterfeited with the aid of using using using a third birthday party. However, the popularity standard performance of the deep reading bodily layer fingerprint popularity set of tips drops sharply within the case of a small quantity of signal samples.

This paper analyzes the feasibility plus proposes the few-shot wireless sign elegance network based totally completely totally on deep metric analyzing (FSig-Net). FSig-Net reduces the version’s dependence on large statistics by means of using using adaptively mastering the characteristic distance metric. We use eight mobile phones plus 18 Internet of Things (IoT) module as targets for identification. When the huge form of unmarried-kind samples is handiest 10, the recognition accuracy of cell phones can acquire ninety eight.28%, and the popularity accuracy of IoT devices can achieve ninety eight.20%.

Intelligent Deployment of Delay-Sensitive Service utility Chain Based on Parallelization and Improved Cuckoo Search Algorithm

As one of the key focuses in 6G research, the freedom–air–ground included network consists of a selection of technological frameworks. Network feature virtualization allows network competencies to be deployed on extensive servers inside the form of software program software and creates a provider feature chain (SFC) consistent with person issuer requirements.

In modern-day years, the deployment of SFC has emerge as famous research due to the growing name for for low remove in community software program program software program eventualities. Low postpone is a important indicator of the awesome of provider, specially for eliminate-touchy packages.

To deal with this trouble, we suggest a way for the deployment of put off-touchy SFC primarily based totally on parallelization and the advanced cuckoo are looking for (ICS) set of suggestions (DDSSFC-PICS). This technique optimizes the composition and deployment of SFC jointly. First, the serial form of the SFC is converted proper proper right into a parallel shape with the beneficial resource of figuring out the dependency of virtual community capabilities, which reduces the period of the SFC and thereby reduces put off.

Second, with the optimization motive of minimizing network eliminate, a parallel SFC deployment version is set up under constraints together with packet loss price and aid availability. Finally, the ICS set of recommendations is carried out for optimization, wherein remove is used due to the fact the health degree. By enhancing the Lévy flight step period and drawing notion from the whale set of guidelines, the general common performance of the cuckoo are attempting to find (CS) set of guidelines is more appropriate, most vital to a further bargain in postpone.

The simulation outcomes display that the use of the equal CS deployment approach, parallelized SFC has a notably decrease put off in contrast to serial SFC. Furthermore, the DDSSFC-PICS reduces the do away with with the aid of manner of 22.Fifty eight% and 19.02%, respectively, in contrast with the CS deployment with particle swarm optimization SFC deployment strategies.

Analysis of Eavesdropping Region in Hybrid Wave-Microwave Wireless Systems

Hybrid communication structures, in which millimeter-wave (mmWave) links coexist with microwave links, had been an critical thing within the fifth-era (5G) wireless networks. Nevertheless, the open function of the wi-fi medium makes hybrid structures susceptible to eavesdropping assaults. Eavesdroppers in hybrid communication system can enhance their assault ordinary general performance via opportunistically eavesdropping on mmWave or microwave hyperlinks.

 This paper, consequently, desires to reply a natural question: wherein place do eavesdroppers choose out out the mmWave links? To this surrender, we first formulate this question as an eavesdropping location characterization trouble from the bodily layer safety angle, wherein eavesdroppers select the hyperlink to eavesdrop primarily based on the ratio between the protection performances of the mmWave and microwave hyperlinks.

To version the protection performances of every the mmWave and microwave hyperlinks, we derive closed-shape expressions for the secrecy outage possibilities and decrease bounds/unique expressions for the secrecy expenses of each links. Finally, we offer numerical outcomes to validate our theoretical evaluation and furthermore illustrate the mmWave eavesdropping area beneath numerous community parameter settings read more :- informationtechnologymedia

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