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The Firm and Market Structures

  Market structures refer to the organizational and competitive characteristics that shape how markets operate, influencing factors like pricing, competition, and entry barriers. Four primary firm market structures exist perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly. These structures differ in terms of the number of firms, product differentiation, barriers to entry, and control over pricing. 1. Perfect Competition: Perfect competition is an ideal market structure where numerous small firms sell identical products, having no control over prices. Entry and exit are calm, and firms are price takers, meaning they accept the market price. Examples include agricultural markets where products are homogeneous, such as wheat or corn. 2. Monopoly: A monopoly occurs when a single firm dominates the market, controlling the supply of a unique product with no close substitutes. Due to the absence of race, a monopoly has significant control over price. Monopolies...
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Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

 



Radio Frequency Fingerprinting Identification of Few-Shot Wireless Signals Based on Deep Metric Learning

Journal profile

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing gives the R&D businesses operating in academia and the telecommunications and networking industries with a discussion board for sharing studies and mind on this rapid transferring undertaking.

Editor spotlight

Chief Editor Dr Cai is an Associate Professor in the Department of Computer Science at Georgia State University, USA and an Associate Director at INSPIRE Center

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Latest Articles

Intelligent Deployment of Delay-Sensitive Service Function Chain Based on Parallelization and Improved Cuckoo Search Algorithm

As one of the key focuses in 6G research, the distance–air–ground integrated community consists of a ramification of technological frameworks. Network feature virtualization allows network talents to be deployed on stylish servers within the form of software application and creates a commercial enterprise employer characteristic chain (SFC) constant with patron organisation necessities.

 In latest years, the deployment of SFC has turn out to be famous research due to the growing name for for low delay in community utility conditions. Low get rid of is a vital indicator of the exquisite of company, specially for cast off-sensitive packages. To cope with this trouble, we advise a way for the deployment of put off-sensitive SFC primarily based totally totally on parallelization and the advanced cuckoo are searching for (ICS) set of regulations (DDSSFC-PICS).

This approach optimizes the composition and deployment of SFC together. First, the serial shape of the SFC is converted right proper right right into a parallel form via figuring out the dependency of digital community skills, which reduces the duration of the SFC and thereby reduces cast off. Second, with the optimization intention of minimizing network remove, a parallel SFC deployment model is hooked up under constraints along thing packet loss fee and useful useful useful resource availability.

Finally, the ICS set of policies is implemented for optimization, in which postpone is used due to the fact the health diploma. By improving the Lévy flight step length and drawing belief from the whale algorithm, the general everyday performance of the cuckoo are attempting to find (CS) set of policies is more, essential to a similarly good deal in delay.

 The simulation consequences display that the usage of the identical CS deployment approach, parallelized SFC has a extensively lower put off in assessment to serial SFC. Furthermore, the DDSSFC-PICS reduces the put off via manner of 22.Fifty 8% and 19.02%, respectively, in evaluation with the CS deployment and particle swarm optimization SFC deployment techniques.

Analysis of Eavesdropping Region in Hybrid mmWave-Microwave Wireless Systems

Hybrid communication structures, in which millimeter-wave (mmWave) links coexist with microwave links, have been an vital problem within the fifth-generation (5G) wi-fi networks. however, the open feature of the wireless medium makes hybrid structures susceptible to eavesdropping attacks. Eavesdroppers in hybrid verbal exchange systems can beautify their assault everyday widespread performance with the useful resource of opportunistically eavesdropping on mmWave or microwave hyperlinks.

 This paper, therefore, desires to answer a natural question: in which location do eavesdroppers decide on the mmWave hyperlinks? To this give up, we first formulate this query as an eavesdropping region characterization hassle from the physical layer protection thoughts-set, wherein eavesdroppers choose out the link to eavesdrop primarily based on the ratio maximum of the protection performances of the mmWave and microwave links.

To model the safety performances of each the mmWave and microwave links, we derive closed-form expressions for the secrecy outage possibilities and reduce bounds/particular expressions for the secrecy fees of every links. Finally, we offer numerical results to validate our theoretical assessment and furthermore illustrate the mmWave eavesdropping location beneath severa community parameter settings read more :- vigorbusiness

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